In modern residential plumbing systems, the proper selection and installation of water valves play a crucial role in controlling water flow and ensuring system efficiency. While most homeowners are familiar with drainage pipes and fittings, understanding the various types of valves used throughout their homes can help them better maintain their plumbing systems and prevent potential issues.
Ball valves are among the most common and reliable options in residential plumbing. These quarter-turn valves feature a spherical disc that controls water flow through a hollow centre. When the lever handle is parallel to the pipe, the valve is open; when perpendicular, it's closed. Ball valves are particularly useful in applications where quick shutoff is necessary, such as before connecting HDPE pipes or when emergency repairs are needed.
Gate valves, which operate similar to a gate being lowered or raised, are typically used as main shutoff valves in homes. While they may take several turns to fully open or close, they provide excellent sealing when fully closed and minimal flow restriction when fully open. These valves are essential components in homes that utilise solvent cement for pipe connections, as they allow for complete system shutdown during maintenance.
Pressure-reducing valves, though less visible than other types, serve an essential function in many homes. These specialised valves automatically maintain consistent water pressure throughout the plumbing system, protecting pipes and fixtures from damage. Just as Armor roofing sheets shield a house from external elements, pressure-reducing valves safeguard internal plumbing components from excessive pressure that could lead to leaks or failures.
Globe valves, characterised by their rounded housing, are ideal for applications requiring precise flow control. Unlike ball valves, globe valves can be partially opened to adjust flow rate, making them perfect for outdoor spigots or utility sinks. However, they do create more flow resistance than other valve types, so they are typically not used in main water lines.
Check valves, while simpler in design, serve the critical function of preventing backflow in plumbing systems. These one-way valves are essential in preventing contamination of clean water supplies and are often required by local building codes, particularly in systems connected to municipal water supplies.
Understanding these different valve types and their applications helps homeowners make informed decisions about their plumbing systems and ensures proper functionality for years to come.
