Among the many types of oolong, two stand out for their unique qualities: High Mountain Oolong and Pouchong Oolong. These two teas, both hailing from Taiwan, offer distinctly different experiences for tea enthusiasts, from the lofty heights of High Mountain Oolong to the lightly oxidised charm of Pouchong Oolong.
High Mountain Oolong: Tea from the Peaks
High Mountain Oolong Tea (or "Gaoshan" Oolong) is one of Taiwan’s most celebrated teas, grown in the misty, cool climates of the island’s central highlands. Typically cultivated at altitudes above 1,000 metres, these mountainous environments provide the perfect growing conditions. The lower temperatures, fog, and clean air contribute to the unique flavour profile of the tea.
The most famous regions for High Mountain Oolong include Alishan, Lishan, and Shanlinxi, each with slightly different climates that influence the tea’s character. Harvesting High Mountain Oolong is a labour-intensive process due to the steep terrain and difficult accessibility, but the end result is a tea revered for its elegance and depth.
The Delicate Flavour of High Mountain Oolong
High Mountain Oolong is characterised by its fresh, floral, and creamy notes. The tea leaves are semi-oxidised, usually between 15-30%, which places them closer to green tea on the oxidation spectrum. This gives the tea a light, fragrant quality without the astringency that green teas sometimes have. The leaves are tightly rolled into small balls, which unfurl beautifully during brewing, releasing a range of aromas.
When brewed, High Mountain Oolong produces a pale, golden liquid with a subtle sweetness and a smooth, velvety mouthfeel. Floral hints, often reminiscent of orchid or gardenia, are balanced with mild buttery or milky undertones. Some varieties also carry fruity or honeyed flavours, giving the tea a well-rounded and refreshing profile. The lingering aftertaste is sweet and clean, making each sip feel like a breath of fresh mountain air.
Due to its delicate nature, brewing High Mountain Oolong requires precision. The water temperature should be kept around 85-90°C, with a steeping time of about 1-2 minutes for the first infusion. This tea is ideal for multiple infusions, with each brew revealing new layers of flavour.
Pouchong Oolong: A Lightly Oxidised Treasure
Pouchong Tea, also known as "Baozhong" Oolong, is another beloved Taiwanese tea, but it differs significantly from High Mountain Oolong in terms of its oxidation level and processing. Pouchong is often considered the least oxidised of all oolongs, with an oxidation level of only 8-12%, making it closer to green tea than most oolongs. This results in a light, delicate tea with a fresh and floral character.
Pouchong Oolong has its origins in northern Taiwan, particularly in the Pinglin and Wenshan regions. It is named "Pouchong" or "Baozhong," meaning "the wrapped kind," after the traditional practice of wrapping the tea leaves in paper during the drying process. While the wrapping method is less common today, the tea retains its light, fresh profile, making it an excellent choice for those who enjoy milder teas.
The Refreshing Flavour of Pouchong Oolong
Pouchong Oolong is known for its light body and floral fragrance, with a fresh, green taste that sets it apart from more heavily oxidised oolongs. The tea leaves are loosely twisted, rather than tightly rolled like High Mountain Oolong, allowing for a quicker infusion and a gentler flavour.
When brewed, Pouchong Oolong produces a pale, jade-green infusion with a smooth, delicate taste. The floral aroma is often compared to lilac or jasmine, while the flavour is fresh and slightly sweet, with no bitterness or strong aftertaste. The light oxidation preserves the natural qualities of the tea leaves, allowing the drinker to enjoy the pure essence of the tea plant itself.
Because of its gentle nature, Pouchong Oolong is perfect for those who prefer a softer, more floral tea. Like High Mountain Oolong, it should be brewed with care to avoid over-steeping. A water temperature of around 80-85°C and a steeping time of 1-2 minutes will allow the tea’s delicate flavours to shine.
The Art of Tea Production: High Mountain vs. Pouchong
Both High Mountain Oolong and Pouchong Oolong showcase the mastery of Taiwanese tea farmers, but the methods of producing these teas differ significantly. High Mountain Oolong undergoes a longer withering and oxidation process compared to Pouchong, which is minimally oxidised and dried quickly to preserve its green, fresh qualities.
The terroir plays a crucial role in defining the character of these teas. High Mountain Oolong, with its high-altitude origins, benefits from cooler temperatures and slower leaf growth, which concentrate the flavours and aromas in the tea. Pouchong, grown at lower elevations, captures the fresh, verdant notes of the tea plant, resulting in a lighter, more refreshing brew.
Health Benefits of Oolong Teas
Both High Mountain and Pouchong Oolong teas are packed with antioxidants, which offer a range of health benefits. These teas are known to aid digestion, boost metabolism, and improve mental clarity. The moderate caffeine content in oolong tea provides an energy boost without the jitteriness associated with stronger black teas or coffee.
In addition, the polyphenols found in oolong tea can help support heart health by improving cholesterol levels and reducing the risk of cardiovascular disease. Oolong tea is also linked to better skin health, with studies suggesting that it may help improve skin elasticity and combat conditions like eczema.
Conclusion: A Sip of Taiwanese Tradition
High Mountain Oolong and Pouchong Oolong offer two distinct experiences for tea lovers, both rooted in Taiwan’s rich tea culture. High Mountain Oolong, with its creamy, floral notes, is a tea that transports drinkers to the misty peaks of Taiwan’s central highlands. In contrast, Pouchong Oolong’s light, refreshing taste captures the freshness of Taiwan’s lowland tea gardens.
Whether you prefer the full-bodied elegance of High Mountain Oolong or the delicate charm of Pouchong Oolong, these teas invite you to explore the rich world of Taiwanese tea, where centuries of craftsmanship meet nature’s bounty.
